No other differences in immune reconstitution based on lymphoma subtype were observed. Compared with cHL patients, DLBCL patients (all of whom received anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody therapy before ASCT) had delayed CD19 + cell reconstitution that persisted for at least 18 months after ASCT. Clinical characteristics of the 2 cohorts were similar. A median of 5 (range, 1 to 8) post-ASCT PB samples were collected from 144 patients (59 in the pembrolizumab group and 85 in the control group). Peripheral blood (PB) mononuclear cell samples were prospectively collected at 1 to 18 months after ASCT and analyzed by flow cytometry using a panel of fluorophore-conjugated monoclonal antibodies to identify B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and various dendritic cell (DC) and T cell subsets. This study was conducted to characterize the impact of post-ASCT pembrolizumab maintenance therapy on immune reconstitution for patients with R/R DLBCL and cHL and to identify candidate biomarkers of efficacy and immune-related adverse events (irAEs). To clarify the impact of pembrolizumab on immune reconstitution, we compared the kinetics of peripheral blood immune cell recovery after ASCT for trial patients receiving pembrolizumab maintenance to those of a contemporaneous control cohort of similar patients undergoing ASCT without pembrolizumab maintenance. We previously reported clinical results of a phase II trial ( identifier NCT02362997) testing 8 doses of pembrolizumab maintenance therapy after ASCT for patients with R/R cHL or DLBCL. Whereas the clinical benefit of ASCT has traditionally been attributed solely to cytoreduction from intensive chemotherapy, ASCT has important immunogenic effects that may contribute to its antitumor efficacy and could provide a favorable immune environment for post-ASCT immune-based maintenance treatments. 9 Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California.Īutologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is a standard of care for patients with chemosensitive, relapsed/refractory (R/R) classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) and diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL).8 Bone Marrow Transplantation Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.7 Department of Hematologic Malignancy, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.6 Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.5 Department of Medicine, Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.4 Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, New York Department of Medicine, Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.3 Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.Electronic address: 2 Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. 1 Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
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